by Ausaf Sayeed | Oct 23, 2026 | Defence, Geopolitics, Middle East, Qatar, Saudi-Turkey-Pakistan
Each member approaches Badr with different expectations, while Pakistan links it to the Makkah security framework and India weighs the longer-term consequences. The Badr Memorandum of Understanding, signed in Doha on 21 October by Türkiye, Qatar, Pakistan and...
by Ausaf Sayeed | Aug 25, 2026 | UAE, West Asia
The Makkah Joint Defence Agreement (MJDA), signed by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan on 7 August, matters less for having already taken a step towards creating a “Muslim NATO” than for capturing a profound shift in West Asia’s strategic psychology. Its central...
